The basics for training your horse are not rocket science however there are certain behaviors that you want your horse to have and others you do not.

One thing that is the basis of training is trust. Your horse must trust you completely and allow you to freely approach and touch him. He must allow you to be near him without bolting and running away. You can work with him daily to help build his trust. Speaking to your horse in a soothing manner and rubbing him on his neck area and chest, all places he can see what you're doing, will help him learn you mean him no harm.

As he begins to trust you, rub him in the front on your next training session and then progress down his neck and shoulders, and over his back to his hindquarters. Stroke each of his legs, all the time soothing him. If you feel him tense up or otherwise feel he is going to kick, stop and go back to the front of your horse and keep talking and rubbing. After he is comfortable with your presence all around him, you can progress to fence tying.

All horses need to learn to stand in one place and fence tying is how you teach your horse to stand where you tie him. Simply tie your horse to a fence post or hitching post and then praise him. Untie your horse and then lead him around and then tie him down again. Do this every day and make the space between when you tie him down and when you come and get him a little longer. Whenever he is tied and standing still, give him lots of praise. With practice he will quickly learn to stand still and he will know that you are always coming back for him.

From this you can easily progress to leading and trailer loading and have a fully trained companion that you can consider as being trained in the basics.